Wednesday, 22 July 2015


The study senior secondary school,udaipur,rajasthan,India

                 “Don't wish it were easier. Wish you were better”


This year was just awesome for the students of The study....this year one of my classmate Sakina Mahu Wala  from  Commerce section topped the city with  the score 96.6% 

The list of students who did wonderful job in CBSE boards class 12  this year:-



  1. Sakina Mahu Wala    XII Commerce       96.6%
  2.       Shivangi Parikh          XII Commerce      95.2%
  3.      Zainab Moti Wala         XII Commerce       94%
  4.       Lokesh Meena                XII Science         93.6%
  5.        Aditya Kachhara            XII Science         91.6%
  6. Sharmishtha Rathore       XII Commerce    91.4%
  7.     Shubham Chopra             XII Science         90%  


our school also organised a felicitation ceremony to honor the students for such wonderful result ........
All the students were awarded with cash prize and a merit certificate 

Friday, 11 July 2014

Physics project on total internal reflection ---
http://www.scribd.com/doc/233502657/physics-project-on-total-internal-reflection

first on internet ,this project is for all those who need a proper file and a very simple model for class 12 practicals......
 if you need for free just drop an email to - shubhamchopra123@gmail.com

Sunday, 27 October 2013

Carbon footprint



What is carbon footprint?
Just as walking on sand leaves a footprint, almost all our actions-from switching on the lights when you wake up in the morning to turn them off at night-leaves an impact on the planet’s environments. Carbon footprint is a way to measure this impact .To power our lights, run our vechicles, generates electricity for our use, run factories, and by for almost everything that we do, we require energy. This energy is produced by burning fossil fuels.oil; gas and coal are fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels, besides producing energy, results in the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases like methane and nitrous dioxide.
Greenhouse gases can be emitted through transport, land clearance, and the production and consumption of food, fuels, manufactured goods, materials, wood, roads, buildings, and services. For simplicity of reporting, it is often expressed in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide, or its equivalent of other GHGs, emitted.
"A measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions of a defined population, system or activity, considering all relevant sources, sinks and storage within the spatial and temporal boundary of the population, system or activity of interest. Calculated as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) using the relevant 100-year global warming potential (GWP100)."Is known as carbon footprint. OR in a simpler language it can also be defined as-
“The carbon footprint of a person, product or an activity refers to the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere by a particular person, product or activity, either directly or indirectly. The term carbon footprint comes from the fact that the carbon dioxide is the most prevalent greenhouse gas”.
The concept name of the carbon footprint originates from ecological footprint, discussion, which was developed by Rees and Wackernagel in the 1990s which estimates the number of "earths" that would theoretically be required if everyone on the planet consumed resources at the same level as the person calculating their ecological footprint. However, carbon footprints are much more specific than ecological footprints since they measure direct emissions of gasses that cause climate change into the atmosphere.

Measuring Carbon Footprints
An individual's, nations, or organization's carbon footprint can be measured by undertaking a GHG emissions assessment or other calculative activities denoted as carbon accounting. Once the size of a carbon footprint is known, a strategy can be devised to reduce it, e.g. by technological developments, better process and product management, changed Green Public or Private Procurement (GPP), carbon capture, consumption strategies, and others.
Several free online carbon footprint calculators exist with at least one supported by publicly available peer-reviewed data and calculations from the University of California, Berkeley's Cool Climate Network research consortium. These websites ask you to answer more or less detailed questions about your diet, transportation choices, home size, shopping and recreational activities, usage of electricity, heating, and heavy appliances such as dryers and refrigerators, and so on. The website then estimates your carbon footprint based on your answers to these questions.
The mitigation of carbon footprints through the development of alternative projects, such as solar or wind energy or reforestation, represents one way of reducing a carbon footprint and is often known as Carbon offsetting.
The main influences on carbon footprints include population, economic output, and energy and carbon intensity of the economy These factors are the main targets of individuals and businesses in order to decrease carbon footprints. Scholars suggest the most effective way to decrease a carbon footprint is to either decrease the amount of energy needed for production or to decrease the dependence on carbon emitting fuels.
                                              

                          
What causes the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases?
Every day the choices we make about the food we eat, products we buy, what we wear and how we travel creates greenhouse gases, directly or indirectly. Though living things emit carbon dioxide when they breathe, carbon dioxide is widely considered to be a pollutant when associated with car, planes, power plants and other human activities that involve the burning of the fossil fuels. In the past 150 years, increased uses of fossil fuels and other human activities (for example, deforestation) have led to increase levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere.
Emission factors of common fuels
Fuel/
Resource
Thermal
g(CO2-eq)/MJth
Grams of CO2equivalent per Mega joule of 
thermal energy
Energy Intensity
W·hth/W·he
Electric
g(CO2-eq)/kW·he
Grams of CO2equivalent per Kilowatt-hour of 
electrical energy
Coal
B:91.50–91.72
Br:94.33
88
B:2.62–2.85
Br:3.46
3.01
B:863–941
Br:1,175
955
Oil
73
3.40
893
Natural gas
cc:68.20
oc:68.4
                               _    
cc:577
oc:751
599
Geothermal
Power
3
TL0–1
TH91–122
Uranium
Nuclear power
WL0.18
WH0.20
WL60
WH65
Hydroelectricity(run of river)
0.046
15
Conc. Solar Power
_
40±15
Photovoltaics
_
0.33
106
Wind power
_
0.066
21
Note:-
3.6 MJ = mega joule(s) == 1 kW·h = kilowatt-hour(s), thus 1 g/MJ = 3.6 g/kW·h.
Legend: B = Black coal (supercritical)–(new subcritical), Br = Brown coal (new subcritical), cc = combined cycle, oc = open cycle, TL = low-temperature/closed-circuit (geothermal doublet), TH = high-temperature/open-circuit, WL = Light Water Reactors, WH = Heavy Water Reactors, #Educated estimate.


Why is carbon footprint a matter of concern?
Higher carbon footprint means higher levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere  greenhouse gases let the sun’s light into the earth’s atmosphere, but they trap the heat that reflects back up into the atmosphere. In this way, they act like the glass walls of a greenhouse, causing a greenhouse effect that is necessary to keep earth warm enough to sustain life.however, increasing levels of co2 and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere are causing an increase greenhouse effect. This phenomenon has resulted in an increase in the average temperature of our planet. Rising temperatures will cause adverse effects such as rising sea levels, submergence of low-lying islands, climate changes and extinction of plants and animals. Therefore, the need of the hour is to cut down on our carbon footprint.
As equal inhabitants of earth each of us have moral and social responsibilities to our planet. One of them is to preserve its life-giving environment for the generations that will inhabit it in the future. For that it is imperative that we adopt eco-friendly lifestyles to reduce our carbon footprint.


  
                

Ways to reduce carbon footprint
The most common way to reduce the carbon footprint of humans is to Reduce, Reuse, And Recycle. In manufacturing this can be done by recycling the packing materials, by selling the obsolete inventory of one industry to the industry who is looking to buy unused items at lesser price to become competitive. Nothing should be disposed off into the soil, all the ferrous materials which are prone to degrade or oxidize with time should be sold as early as possible at reduced price.
This can also be done by using reusable items such as thermoses for daily coffee or plastic containers for water and other cold beverages rather than disposable ones. If that option isn't available, it is best to properly recycle the disposable items after use. When one household recycles at least half of their household waste, they can save 1.2 tons of carbon dioxide annual.
Another easy option is to drive less. By walking or biking to the destination rather than driving, not only is a person going to save money on gas, but they will be burning less fuel and releasing fewer emissions into the atmosphere. However, if walking is not an option, one can look into carpooling or mass transportation options in their area.
Yet another option for reducing the carbon footprint of humans is to use less air conditioning and heating in the home. By adding insulation to the walls and attic of one's home, and installing weather stripping or caulking around doors and windows one can lower their heating costs more than 25 percent. Similarly, one can very inexpensively upgrade the “insulation” (clothing) worn by residents of the home. For example, it's estimated that wearing a base layer of long underwear (top and bottom) made from a lightweight, super insulating fabric like micro fleece (akaPolartec®, Capilene®) can conserve as much body heat as a full set of clothing, allowing a person to remain warm with the thermostat lowered by over 5° C. These measures all help because they reduce the amount of energy needed to heat and cool the house. One can also turn down the heat while sleeping at night or away during the day, and keep temperatures moderate at all times. Setting the thermostat just 2 degrees lower in winter and higher in summer could save about 1 ton of carbon dioxide each year.
Choice of diet is a major influence on a person's carbon footprint. Animal sources of protein (especially red meat), rice (typically produced in high methane-emitting paddies), foods transported long distance and/or via fuel-inefficient transport (e.g., highly perishable produce flown long distance) and heavily processed and packaged foods are among the major contributors to a high carbon diet. Scientists at the University of Chicago have estimated "that the average American diet – which derives 28% of its calories from animal foods – is responsible for approximately one and a half more tonnes of greenhouse gasses – as CO2 equivalents – per person, per year than a fully plant-based, or vegan, diet."Their calculations suggest that even replacing one third of the animal protein in the average American's diet with plant protein (e.g., beans, grains) can reduce the diet's carbon footprint by half a tonne. Exchanging two thirds of the animal protein with plant protein is roughly equivalent to switching from a Toyota Camry to a Prius. Finally, throwing food out not only adds its associated carbon emissions to a person or household's footprint, it adds the emissions of transporting the wasted food to the garbage dump and the emissions of food decomposition, mostly in the form of the highly potent greenhouse gas, methane.
The carbon handprint movement emphasizes individual forms of carbon offsetting, like using more public transportation or planting trees in deforested regions, to reduce one's carbon footprint and increase their "handprint."
Furthermore, the carbon footprint in the food industry can be reduced by optimizing the supply chain. A life cycle or supply chain carbon footprint study can provide useful data which will help the business to identify critical areas for improvement and provides a focus. Such studies also demonstrate a company’s commitment to reducing carbon footprint now ahead of other competitors as well as preparing companies for potential regulation. In addition to increased market advantage and differentiation eco-efficiency can also help to reduce costs where alternative energy systems are implemented.
              



Small steps to reduce carbon footprints..................................Big leaps towards a greener future,

1 –when you choose to take a walk in a park for a couple of hours everyday instead of watching tv/computer,you benefit the planet’s health.by making this choice you prevent
The emission of 62-94 kg of co2 annually !!!
2- using an LED table lamp instead of an incandescent light bulb while studying provides more effective lighting.it also benefits our environment by reducing co2 emission by 55 kg annually !!




Thursday, 6 June 2013

              Noise pollution causes and effects  


  
  

 Noise pollution causes – Noise pollution definition- Noise pollution effects

Noise pollution definition

The noise pollution can be defined simply as unwanted sound.” Any type sound will be treated as unwanted due to the following facts.
  • Annoying / unpleasant
  • Loud
  • Distracting / Intrusive
Noise pollution definition can be given in one other way too.
Noise is actually a Latin word which gives the meaning seasickness. More commonly it can be stated as the sensation of annoyance, disgust or discomfort.
It is not very easy to define the noise pollution definition. Essentially noise pollution is the kind of pollution that is caused by several different audio sources that is causing the feel of irritation, distraction to our living environment. This not pollution is not only disturbing the environment but it also produces harm to our mankind.

Noise pollution causes and Noise pollution effects

In our day to day life noise pollution is increasing rapidly and it becomes to grow as one of the serious threats in some areas. Noise pollution becomes a stress full one to so many animals it also creating many problems in prey relation / predator & detection. It also leads to several different reproduction issues. Very serious noises can In fact deduce the usable habitats of some sound-sensible creatures; finally it results in the depletion of rare species.  For example noise pollution created by the man kind actually putting a full stop for so many sea animals. Specifically the ones whose sense of hearing is very sharp like whales and dolphins. All Scientists have agreed the fact that so many dolphins and whales are committing the massive suicides just reaching sea shore by observing the wrong signals.

Noise pollution effects are giving so many negative impacts on the human health. Exposure to the too much noise of noise will lead to aggression, hearing loss, stress, sleep disturbance so much more psychological issues. Researchers have shown that so many people who can afford a new home have started to buy homes in areas where the noise disturbance is very low. Now think about the one who can?t afford a new home. Let?s reduce the noise pollution by preventing the Noise pollution causes.
motor vehicles. Other sources includes emergency service sirens ,alarms, factory machinery, office equipment, construction work, power tools barking dogs, , loudspeakers ,different audio systems, lighting hum & stage meetings disturbances can cause the noise pollution . Among all these motor vehicles are the dominant sources of noise pollution.
The problem of Noise pollution has gained significant attention from the environmental point. But still this noise pollution has not received the full recognition as one of the major environmental issue. Noise laws are not created in many courtiers yet. In United States they have federal standards for the things like aircraft noise, highway and aircraft noise, some states & local governments are having the specific statutes for the building codes, road way development programs and urban planning. But still Unites states do not have a dedicated body which would regulates these noise pollution. Not even a single country has created such regulations this means the serious effects of noise pollution are not still fully understood.
In few countries various types of noises are handled carefully by the respective agencies those are responsible for noise source. For example noise caused by the vehicles are managed by the transportation ministry of ways to prevent global warming . Loud speaker noises are treated as a criminal offense in so many areas. Generally   everyone is seeing this noise pollution as the source of irritation rather than the real issues created by the noises. This is why we don?t have special bodies to regulate the noise pollution
Given below are some of the noise pollution effects on humans

Hearing Issues

Exposure to the harm full noise can cause damages to our most important organs of our body, i.e., the ear. The Hearing impairment happened because of noise pollution may be a temporary one or permanent one. Whenever the sound level goes above 70 dB mark which becomes a noise to our ear. If the noise level crosses over the 80 decibels which will produce many harm full effects to our ear. When our ear is exposed to a sound that goes over the 100 decibels for certain period of time, it will cause irreparable damage to the ear and will also lead to all time / permanent hearing loss.

Cognitive function

If your ears are regularly exposed to some loud noise you will lose the reading, understanding and learning ability. You will also lose the Problem solving abilities and may get the short term memory lose because of the often exposure to the noise. This Noise pollution will also give a raise to the level of error and will decrease your productivity in office. Research shows that the children who are studying in the noisy environment are showing very poor cognitive function.

Cardiovascular Problems

Our noisy environments are one of the main sources for the heart issues. Researchers have revealed that high level of sounds can give a dramatic raise to the blood pressure. It also increase the heart beat rate. This is proved by analyzing the heart beta of children who are staying and learning the noisy environment. It is very high when compare to the children who are living in the reduced noisy environment.
Apart from this noise pollution can cause sleep disturbances and may produce mental problems.

"CHILD IS THE FATHER OF MAN" the famous lines by William Wordworth. It symbolizes the need of children in building a healthy nation and society. Childhood is the first stage after infancy. It is the formative period in men's life. For their minds are very soft, receptive and plastic at this tender age.
Children’s mind is like potter's clay. It has to be shaped in a right manner. A child normally has to enjoy its childhood days with its parents, teachers, friends, etc. It is the age where fine and long lasting impressions gather in child's mind.
Childhood is the best time to develop spiritual, intellectual, emotional support. But this rule of nature has been crippled by the perilous child labour
Every child has his right to enjoy his childhood. But inspite of this a few  children are forcefully put to work throughout the world about 250million children are child labourer. Due to poverty poor parents put their children to work in order to supplement the family's economic status.
This conceal's the talent and interests in them. Their urge to go to school is dissmised by their parents. This makes the nation lose a few creative minds. The children are deprived of education. They are made to work under threatening conditions. They are overworked and under paid children are made to shine shoe on footpaths, they work as milkboys, ragpickers, house maids, cleaners in hotels....etc.
We can find children selling newspapers on highways. All such adverse practices are to be abolished once for all, without leaving its traces for future generations

Wednesday, 5 December 2012

save water save earth........ :)

Do you know that we are still drinking the same water that the dinosaurs did?! The water cycle has been happening ever since the start of the world and will proberly still be happening for another 10 thousand years. The next time you have a glass of water just think, every drop of water in that glass would have seen so many amazing things, when apes roamed the land to today when TVs and electronics ruled the world, on it's continuos journey in the water cycle.

 

Corruption


                                                                      
Corruption is today a world-wide phenomenon. In our own country some people in high positions lave been charged for it.
A corrupt person is termed immoral, dishonest and unscrupulous in his dealings. His disregard for honesty, righteousness and truth results in his alienation from society. He is treated with contempt. But as erosion of values leads to decadence, remedies for the social malaise remain elusive, and so no amount of contempt can eradicate corruption which is a symptom of decadence.
Corruption is the most virulent when crises everywhere threaten the very existence of the society and the faith in life is shaken. It has always been there like tie leech, but when the system grows weaker and the boat flounders, it gets bolder and drains its victims of the last drops of their blood.
The older the system the weaker it grows and fails to solve the riddles of life that grows more complex every day. So men lose faith in it and let it drift down. At this point corruption takes over and plunges the entire society. After Second World War the old system with all its values was left in a shambles. The crippling effects of the war, the recession and depression, and uncertainties in a faithless world of maimed and moribund encouraged cynicism in a section of the population.
This section included the government officials dealing in essential commodities. They found the post-war conditions ideal for fishing in troubled waters and jetting richer. They formed a sort of vicious circle in which moral values and honest intentions no longer held valid. The flourishing black market in essential commodities, adulteration of even baby- food, bribery, fraud and economic, political and administrative manipulations with an eye on earning profits has brought untold misery to the people.
One would say the corruption in India has an ancient lineage; it is sanctified by tradition. The author of the Arthasastra made some remarks on government officials of his time which are relevant even today: "Just as it is impossible not to taste the honey or the poison that finds itself at the tip of the tongue, so it is impossible for a government servant not to eat up at least a bit of the king's revenue. These in the post­war world became only bolder while eating up government money and accepting bribes.
Today, when India is free, these officials representing all government departments are very close to the most corrupt businessmen who are too unscrupulous to let any opportunity of amassing profits slip. This collusion broadens the base of the vicious circle and corruption spreads 'like wild fire to engulf the entire society. The political and social guardians depend only too much on the richer communities and they look indulgently on while these communities hold the entire society and the government to ransom.
Corruption starts at the top and percolates down to the whole society. Such corruption cannot be confined to the towns alone. It is as widespread in the villages where the dishonest officials and the traders carry the germs of the disease. The tyranny of confusion and price rules the land and the people are helpless victims of corruption everywhere